针对现有光纤无法满足宽带光密集波分复用系统传输和S+C+L波段粗波分复用的要求，设计了一种具有中心凹陷的三角形芯+环形的折射率剖面，利用外部气相沉积工艺制备了一种非零色散位移光纤，并通过调整第一芯层的相对折射率和第二芯层与第一芯层的半径比，探究了其对光纤衰减、色散斜率和有效面积等参数的影响。研究发现，当第一芯层的相对折射率逐渐增大且第二芯层与第一芯层半径比逐渐减小时，零色散波长和有效面积逐渐减小。当第一芯层的相对折射率在0.52%~0.53%，芯层半径比在2.6~2.7时，光纤的有效面积接近70 μm²，零色散波长在1 420 nm附近，在1 550 nm波段的色散系数大于8 ps·nm^-1·km^-1，色散斜率为0.059 ps·nm^-2·km^-1，可以较好地抑制传输过程中光非线性效应，满足长途干线网与城域网的使用要求。

Fiber quarter-wave plates and magneto-optical fibers are important components that greatly affect the sensitivity of fiber-optic current sensors. A Tb:YAG crystal-derived silica fiber (TYDSF) was fabricated using a CO2 laser-heating drawing technique. The linear birefringence of TYDSF was measured as 6.661×10-6 by a microscope birefringence measurement instrument. A fiber quarter-wave plate was fabricated by TYDSF at 1310 nm, which produced circularly polarized light with a polarization extinction ratio of 0.34 dB. Additionally, the linear birefringence of TYDSF was decreased by 22% by annealing at 750°C for 7 h, and the Verdet constants of annealed TYDSF were measured to be 9.83, 6.67, and 3.48rad/(T·m) at 808, 980, and 1310 nm, respectively.

We fabricate a high-performance Bi/Er/La co-doped silica fiber with a fluorescence intensity of -33.8dBm and a gain coefficient of 1.9 dB/m. With the utilization of the fiber as a gain medium, a linear-cavity fiber laser has been constructed, which exhibits a signal-to-noise ratio of 74.9 dB at 1596 nm. It has been demonstrated that the fiber laser has a maximum output power of 107.4 mW, a slope efficiency of up to 17.0%, and a linewidth of less than 0.02 nm. Moreover, an all-fiber single-stage optical amplifier is built up for laser amplification, by which the amplified laser power is up to 410.0 mW with pump efficiency of 33.8%. The results indicate that the laser is capable of high signal-to-noise ratio and narrow linewidth, with potential applications for optical fiber sensing, biomedicine, precision measurement, and the pump source of the mid-infrared fiber lasers.

A single-frequency distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser at 1030 nm has been demonstrated using a 0.7 cm long homemade Yb:YAG crystal-derived silica fiber (YCDSF). The absorption and emission cross sections of the YCDSF are 4.93×10-20cm2 at 980 nm and 1.1×10-20cm2 at 1030 nm. Using this gain fiber, an over 255 mW continuous-wave lasing in the constructed laser has been obtained at single transverse and longitudinal mode operation. The slope efficiency and the pump threshold of the fiber laser were up to ～35% and as low as 25 mW, respectively. The fiber laser also demonstrated an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 79 dB and a beam quality factor of 1.016 in two orthogonal directions. Its power fluctuation at 210.5 mW was less than 0.85% of the average power within 13 h. Moreover, the relative intensity noise and linewidth of the laser are also investigated at the different pump powers. The results indicate that the single-frequency DBR fiber laser has potential applications in high-quality seed sources and high-precision optical sensing.

We have demonstrated the highly efficient excitation of the linearly polarized mode (LP₀₁) in ring-core fibers (RCFs) by tapering the spliced point between the RCF and the standard single-mode fiber (SMF) to optimize all-fiber orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation. The tapering technique has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Before tapering, only 50% of light can be coupled from SMFs to RCFs. The modal interference spectrum with an extinction ratio (ER) of ～9 dB is observed, showing that higher-order modes are excited in RCF. By tapering the spliced point, 90% of light is coupled, and the ER is minimized to be ～2 dB, indicating that the higher-order modes are effectively suppressed by tapering. Such tapered spliced points of RCF–SMF are further applied for all-fiber OAM generation. The efficiencies of OAM₊₁ and OAM_?1 generation are found to be enhanced by approximately 11.66% and 12.41%, respectively, showing that the tapered spliced point of the RCF–SMF is a feasible way to optimize OAM generation.

We experimentally demonstrate two kinds of all few-mode fiber (FMF) ring lasers with high-order mode (HOM) oscillation in the laser cavity. One kind is a switchable-wavelength all-FMF HOM laser with an output of tunable optical vortex beams (OVBs); the other is a Q-switched all-FMF HOM laser with an output of pulsed cylindrical vector beams (CVBs). The lasers are composed of all-FMF components and few-mode erbium-doped fiber. A Sagnac interferometer made of a 3 dB FMF coupler functions as the wavelength selector, and switchable multiwavelength tunable OVBs are experimentally realized. Carbon nanotube-based saturable absorbers and the nonlinear polarization rotation technique are used to achieve Q-switched CVB lasers. This is the first report, to our knowledge, on the generation of switchable-wavelength and Q-switched HOM beams in all-FMF laser cavities.